Biological Nitrogen Removal Database
A manually curated data resource for microbial nitrogen removal
Biological Nitrogen Removal Database
A manually curated data resource for microbial nitrogen removal
Influent:Synthetic wastewater
Anammox system:Sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation
Anammox reactor:Up Flow - Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB) reactor
Medium:Granular activated carbon
Culture taken from:Nitrifying sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant
Microorganism cultured:nan
Respiration:Anaerobic
Electron donor:Ammonium chloride NH4Cl
Electron acceptor:Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2); Sodium Sulfate (NaSO4)
PH:7.5–8.5
Maximum sludge concentration:nan
HRT:1.5 d
NH4–N Influent conc(mg/L):60
NO2–N Influent conc(mg/L):nan
SO4–S Influent conc(mg/L):240
NH4–N Removal efficiency (%):97 (40 during SRAS)
NO2–N Removal efficiency (%):98
SO4-S Removal efficiency (%):30
NLR kg-N/m3/d:nan
NRR kg-N/m3/d:nan
Major findings:The studies on the simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulfate (SRAS) process helps to improve the application of wastewater treatment, and also might widen the cycle approach between elemental nitrogen and sulfur.
Authors:Yang et al., 2009
Title:Start-up of simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulfate from an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in an anaerobic up-flow bioreactor
Pubmed link:None
Full research link:Link
Abstract:A laboratory testing of simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulfate (SRAS) was studied from an anammox process in an anaerobic bioreactor filled with granular activated carbon. Two different phases of experiment were investigated to start up the SRAS process, and final batch tests were performed to analyze the SRAS process. The experiment included an anammox process and an SRAS process. During the anammox process, the highest removal efficiency of ammonium and nitrite was up to 97 and 98%, respectively. After 160 days in the stationary phase of anammox process, the ratio of ammonium to nitrite consumption was approximately 1:1.15, which is much higher than 1:1.32 in the traditional anammox process. The extra electron acceptor, such as sulfate, was thought to react with ammonium by bacteria. Synthetic wastewater containing ammonium chlorine and sodium sulfate was used as the feed for the bioreactor in the second phase of experiment. During the SRAS process, the influent concentrations of ammonium and sulfate were controlled to be 50–60 and 210–240 mg L?1 respectively. After start-up and acclimatization of this process for 60 days, the average effluent concentrations of ammonium and sulfate were 30 and 160 mg L?1, respectively. The simultaneous ammonium and sulfate removal was detected in the reactor. In order to further validate the biochemical interaction between ammonium and sulfate, batch tests was carried out. Abiotic tests were carried out to demonstrate that the pure chemical action between ammonium and sulfate without microorganism was not possible. Biotic assays with different ammonium and sulfate concentrations were further investigated that high concentrations of ammonium and sulfate could promote simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulfate. And elemental sulfur and nitrogen gas as the products measured in the SRAS process helped to demonstrate the occurrence of new interaction between nitrogen and sulfur. The new process of SRAS in the inorganic condition, including simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulfate, and the appearance of elemental sulfur and nitrogen gas as the terminal products, widened the cycle approach between nitrogen and sulfur.