Biological Nitrogen Removal Database
A manually curated data resource for microbial nitrogen removal
Biological Nitrogen Removal Database
A manually curated data resource for microbial nitrogen removal
Influent:Synthetic wastewater
Anammox system:nan
Anammox reactor:Up Flow - Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB) reactor
Medium:Granular sludge
Culture taken from:11 different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)
Microorganism cultured:Plantomycetes, Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans
Respiration:Anaerobic
Electron donor:Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4)
Electron acceptor:Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2)
PH:7.0–7.5
Maximum sludge concentration:16
HRT:0.8 h
NH4–N Influent conc(mg/L):700
NO2–N Influent conc(mg/L):700
SO4–S Influent conc(mg/L):nan
NH4–N Removal efficiency (%):64
NO2–N Removal efficiency (%):64
SO4-S Removal efficiency (%):nan
NLR kg-N/m3/d:6
NRR kg-N/m3/d:1.6
Major findings:Developed high-rate anammox biofilm reactors using the up-flow fixed-bed biofilm column reactor by inoculating seeding sludge with high abundance of anammox bacteria for short periods, operated steadily and achieved a high nitrogen removal rate within 250 days
Authors:Tsushima et al., 2007
Title:Development of high-rate anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) biofilm reactors
Pubmed link:Link
Full research link:Link
Abstract:To promptly establish anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactors, appropriate seeding sludge with high abundance and activity of anammox bacteria was selected by quantifying 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of anammox bacteria by real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) and batch culture experiments. The selected sludge was then inoculated into up-flow fixed-bed biofilm column reactors with nonwoven fabric sheets as biomass carrier and the reactor performances were monitored over 1 year. The anammox reaction was observed within 50 days and a total nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg-Nm(-3)day(-1) was obtained after 247 days. To our knowledge, such a high rate has never been reported before. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) and influent NH(4)(+) to NO(2)(-) molar ratio could be important determinant factors for efficient nitrogen removal in this study. The higher nitrogen removal rate was obtained at the shorter HRT and higher influent NH(4)(+)/NO(2)(-) molar ratio. After anammox reactors were fully developed, the community structure, spatial organization and in situ activity of the anammox biofilms were analyzed by the combined use of a full-cycle of 16S rRNA approach and microelectrodes. In situ hybridization results revealed that the probe Amx820-hybridized anaerobic anammox bacteria were distributed throughout the biofilm (accounting for more than 70% of total bacteria). They were associated with Nitrosomonas-like aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) in the surface biofilm. The anammox bacteria present in this study were distantly related to the Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans with the sequence similarity of 95%. Microelectrode measurements showed that a high in situ anammox activity (i.e., simultaneous consumption of NH(4)(+) and NO(2)(-)) of 4.45 g-N of (NH(4)(+)+NO(2)(-))m(-2)day(-1) was detected in the upper 800 microm of the biofilm, which was consistent with the spatial distribution of anammox bacteria.